Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to specifically target certain proteins or other molecules that are involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. Targeted therapy may be used in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or it may be used alone. Here are some examples of targeted therapy drugs that may be used to treat nasopharyngeal cancer:

• Cetuximab:
  Cetuximab is a targeted therapy drug that works by binding to and inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on cancer cells. This can slow the growth and spread of cancer cells. Cetuximab may be used in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy for the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal cancer.
• Nimotuzumab:
  Nimotuzumab is another targeted therapy drug that works by binding to the EGFR on cancer cells, similar to cetuximab. It has been approved for use in combination with radiation therapy for the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal cancer in certain countries.
• Bevacizumab:
  Bevacizumab is a targeted therapy drug that works by inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to cancer cells. This can slow the growth and spread of cancer cells. Bevacizumab is currently being studied for the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer, but is not yet approved for this use.

It’s important to note that targeted therapy medications for nasopharyngeal cancer are still being studied and their efficacy is not yet fully established. The specific targeted therapy medication used in a patient’s treatment will depend on many factors, including the stage and characteristics of the cancer, as well as the patient’s individual medical history and overall health.

Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that harnesses the power of the immune system to fight cancer. Immunotherapy drugs can help to activate and enhance the body’s natural defenses against cancer cells. Here are some examples of immunotherapy drugs that may be used to treat nasopharyngeal cancer:

• Pembrolizumab:
  Pembrolizumab is a type of immunotherapy drug known as a checkpoint inhibitor. It works by blocking the PD-1 receptor on T-cells, which allows the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Pembrolizumab has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer that has not responded to chemotherapy.
• Nivolumab:
  Nivolumab is another checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy drug that works by blocking the PD-1 receptor on T-cells. It has also been approved by the FDA for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer that has not responded to chemotherapy.
• Durvalumab:
  Durvalumab is a checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy drug that blocks the PD-L1 receptor on cancer cells, which can help to activate the immune system to attack the cancer. It is currently being studied in clinical trials for the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer.

It’s important to note that the specific immunotherapy medication used in a patient’s treatment will depend on many factors, including the stage and characteristics of the cancer, as well as the patient’s individual medical history and overall health. Immunotherapy drugs can have side effects, so it’s important to talk to a doctor about the potential risks and benefits of this type of treatment.

Steroids can be used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the nasopharynx, which can improve symptoms such as difficulty swallowing or breathing. They may be given orally or by injection.